Indian Geography

India lies to the north of the equator between 6° 44′ and 35° 30′ north latitude and 68° 7′ and 97° 25′ east longitude.

Longitudinal and Latitudinal extent

The latitudinal extent of India from the north end Kashmir to south end Kanniyakumari is 37°6′N to 8°4′N
The longitudinal extent of India from west end Gujarat to east end Arunachal Pradesh is 68°7′E to 97°25′E.
On calculating both of these extents we get to that these are approximately of 30°.

India is located in the northern hemisphere of the world.
The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) passes almost halfway through the country India. It is North from the Equator, that passes through the middle of India. The Tropic of Cancer passes through eight states in India
From the extends south to north, the mainland of India extends between 8°4’N and 37°6’N latitudes.
From the other extends west to east, India extends between 68°7’E and 97°25’E longitudes.
The distance between latitudes remain the same throughout but the distance between the two longitudes reduces as moved towards poles
The distance between two latitudes is constant that is 111 km but the distance between two longitudes is 111 km at the equator and reduces to 0 at the poles.
Due to the great longitudinal extent and difference of about 29°, there are wide differences in local time of places located at two extreme points of the country.
The difference between these two points would be approximate of about two hours.

India is the 7th largest country in the world, with 2.42% area of world and also the second most populous country with 17.5% of world population.
Tropic of Cancer (23°26ʹ north) divides the country into almost two equal parts and passes through 8 states namely Gujarat, Rajasthan, M.P, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
Southernmost point of India is Indira point of Pygmalion point and Southermost pointof mainland is Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) Northernmost point is Indira Col (Ladakh), Easternmost is Kibithu is Arunachal Pradesh and Western most point in West of Ghaur Mota in Gujarat.
India's Land Boundary is about 15,200 km and total costline including islands is 7516.6 km. North-South and East-West extent of India is 3214 km and 2933 km respectively.

82°30’E is considered as Indian Standard Meridian for IST which is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT and passes through 5 Indian States : UP, MP. Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh.
India Shares land borders with 7 countries, sharing longest boundary with Bangladesh (4096.7 km) followed by China (3488 km), Pakistan (3323 km), Nepal (1751 km) , Myanmar (1643 km), Bhutan (699 km) and Afganistan (106 km).
Five Indian state (Uttarakhand, Up, Bihar, West Bengal and Sikkim) share their boundary with Nepal.
Southern neighbours of India across sea Sri Lanka and Maldives.
India is separated from Sri Lanka by the Palk Strait and Gulf of Manner.
India's political division has 28 States and 8 Union Territories.
Gujarat has the longest coastline.
Goa is the smallest state in terms of area.
In the North-West, India shares its land boundaries with Pakistan.
The Ten degree channel is a channel that separate the Andaman and the Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal and nine degree separates Lakshadweep and Minicoy islands in the Arabian Oceans.