Environment and Ecology

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 Environment 

  • Environment is defined as the social, cultural and physical condition that surround, affect and infulence the survival, growth and development of people, animal or plants.
  • Environment includes everything around us. It encompasses both the living (biotic) and non-living (abotic) components of Earth.
  • It consists of four segments: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere.

 Ecosystem 

  The term "ecosystem" was first coined by British ecologist Tansley. " An ecosystem is defined as a         natural unit that consists of living and non-living components which interact to form a stable system".

Components of Ecosystem 

The components of an ecosystem are grouped as abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living).

  1. The abiotic factors include air, water, siol, tempreaure, chemical products etc.
  2. Biotic factors includes plants, animals and micro-organisms. This living component can be further divided into:
  • Producers make their own food. Plant, algae and green bacteria are all producers.
  • Consumers depend on producers for their food. Consumers are futher classified into primary, secondary and tertiary consumers
  • Decomposers include bacteria and fungi, that feed on decaying matter.

 Functions of Ecosystem  

  • It regulates flow of energy.
  • It regulates the cycling of nutrients.
  • It maintains balance among the various trophic levels in the ecosystem.

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